Can Obesity Cause Osteoporosis?

In the past, carrying weight was seen as a protective measure for bones however with recent literature reviews there are several factors for bone health where extra weight is involved. Such factors can be fat mass, body weight, and bone density.

Obesity was believed to have a protective effect on bone health as it was believed that higher body weight exerts a greater load on bones which stimulates bone formation and increases bone mineral density (BMD). Additionally, adipose tissue produces extra oestrogen which plays a critical role in maintaining bone health.

However new research suggests that obesity can negatively impact bone health in some ways.

• Inflammation: Being overweight is linked to chronic low-grade inflammation. This is due to the increased inflammatory markers which increase bone breakdown leading to weaker bones.
• Fat in bone marrow: excess fat can accumulate in bone marrow impairing activity of bone formation and promoting activity for bone breakdown.
• Diet and lifestyle: Obesity is often associated with poor dietary habits, including low calcium and vitamin D intake, critical for bone health.

Obesity can reduce muscle mass and strength, with muscle playing a big role in supporting bone health reduced muscle mass can increase bone loss and a higher risk of falls and fractures. In obese people fractures can take longer to health due to poor bone quality and reduced blood flow.

Though the connection between obesity and bone metabolism isnt very clear, however, it plays a role in the development or worsening of osteoporosis. Obesity is an excess accumulation of body fat and osteoporosis is when bones become weak and brittle and at risk of osteoporosis.

Diet and exercise

Excess weight loss is important in achieving and maintaining a healthy body mass index BMI. A balanced diet and regular exercise can benefit both bone and overall health. Individuals should lose weight gradually to minimise potential bone loss associated with rapid weight reduction.

Ensuring adequate intake of calcium, vitamin D, and other bone-supportive nutrients for maintaining bone health. Physical activity with weight-bearing and resistance exercises can improve both bone strength and bone density reducing the risk of osteoporosis.

If you have obesity, osteoporosis, or both, physical activity can be beneficial but doing so safely is key. Exercising when you have osteoporosis will help maintain bone health however with weaker bones there are some risks with certain types of exercise.

Medication

There is medical management for individuals with significant obesity and osteoporosis. If osteoporosis has begun, taking supplements and medications can help improve osteoporosis severity. Weight management medications are available to help individuals with a BMI of 27 or higher lose weight. The shedding of extra weight can help protect against osteoporosis.

Individuals who have concerns about osteoporosis and bone health should discuss their weight and bone health management with their doctor.